Statistics

1. The distribution of employee salary is best described as a:

• A Categorical variable
• B Independent variable
• C Continuous and dependent variable Correct answer
• D Discrete variable

2. The multi-year waves of economic expansion and contraction (e.g., recession every 7-10 years) are categorized as:

• A Seasonal variations
• B Cyclical variations Correct answer
• C Irregular fluctuations
• D Linear trends

3. In the additive model of a time series (Y = T + S + C + I), 'I' represents:

• A Trend
• B Seasonal
• C Cyclical
• D Irregular component Correct answer

4. Fisher's Ideal Index is defined as the:

• A Arithmetic mean of Laspeyres and Paasche index
• B Geometric mean of Laspeyres and Paasche index Correct answer
• C Harmonic mean of Laspeyres and Paasche index
• D Difference of Laspeyres and Paasche index

5. Fisher's Ideal Index satisfies which of the following tests of consistency?

• A Time Reversal Test only
• B Factor Reversal Test only
• C Both Time and Factor Reversal Tests Correct answer
• D Circular Test

6. A sequence of data points recorded at regular time intervals is called:

• A Cross-sectional data
• B Panel data
• C Time Series Correct answer
• D Experimental data

7. The long-term smooth upward or downward movement of a time series is called:

• A Seasonal variation
• B Secular trend Correct answer
• C Cyclical variation
• D Irregular variation

8. Fluctuations in a time series that repeat within a single year (e.g., higher sales during Christmas) are:

• A Seasonal variations Correct answer
• B Cyclical variations
• C Random variations
• D Secular trends

9. The non-parametric counterpart of a one-way ANOVA is the:

• A Kruskal-Wallis test Correct answer
• B Friedman test
• C Mann-Whitney U test
• D McNemar's test

10. Which test is used to check the randomness of a sequence of data points?

• A Sign test
• B Run test Correct answer
• C Median test
• D Kolmogorov-Smirnov test